AI and robots could help detect UTIs early

[09/01/2023] Scientists are developing artificial intelligence and talking robots to help to detect urinary tract infections in vulnerable people early.

The £1.1 million FEATHER project, led by the School of Informatics, aims to increase an individual’s wellbeing and reduce the number of serious outcomes from incorrect or late diagnoses of urinary tract infections (UTIs).

A photo of a woman's stomach from the side, her hands embracing it as if she was in pain — Image credit: Getty

Early detection

Researchers hope that problem solving techniques – combined with artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics – will detect infections early and lessen the over-prescription of antibiotics for the condition.

A team of experts from the Universities of Edinburgh and Heriot-Watt are working with Blackwood Homes and Care and Leuchie House to develop AI computer programmes and interactive robots to alert clinicians of a potential UTI in residents early.

Behaviour changes

Sensors, placed in residents’ rooms will gather data about their daily activities. The technology will be able to spot changes in a person’s behaviour or activity levels, which will then trigger an interaction with the robot.

Behaviour changes could include variations in walking pace and movement, altered sleeping patterns and increased visits to the bathroom. The FEATHER platform will combine and analyse this data to flag potential infection signs, before an individual or carer is even aware there is a problem.

Common infection

UTIs are one of the most common types of infection, affecting around 150 million people worldwide annually. Early signs of a UTI can also be challenging to recognise because the symptoms – including pain, temperature, frequency of urination, changes in sleep patterns and tremors – vary according to a person’s age and existing health conditions.

Diagnosis can be difficult, with lab analysis, a process taking up to 48 hours, providing the only definitive result.

By raising the alert early, the project could enable a GP to have the time to wait for lab results from urine tests, to ensure the appropriate prescription of antibiotics, reducing the cost to the NHS and improving outcomes for the patient.

Diagnosis

Early diagnosis should also reduce the number of patients taken to A&E and reduce the number of cases developing to sepsis, kidney failure and even loss of life.

The AI and implementation aspects of the project will be led by Professor Kia Nazarpour, Dr Nigel Goddard and Dr Lynda Webb from Edinburgh’s School of Informatics. The innteraction between humans and robots will be led by Professor Lynne Baillie, assisted by Dr. Mauro Dragone, from Heriot-Watt University.

National Robotarium

The technology will be developed and tested in the new Assisted Living Lab at the National Robotarium, where the team will run extensive trials in a realistic social care setting.

The research has received funding from UK Government by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, part of UK Research and Innovation, and the National Institute for Health and Care Research.

This unique data platform will help individuals, carers and clinicians to recognise the signs of potential urinary tract infections far earlier, helping to prompt the investigations and medical tests needed. Earlier detection makes timely treatment possible, improving outcomes for patients, lowering the number of people presenting at A&E, and reducing costs to the NHS.
Professor Kia Nazarpour,Project lead and Professor of Digital Health at the School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh.

We hope this work will create an additional structured support mechanism for people who live independently. Studies show that there is a significant association between delirium and UTI in older adults and, while it is possible that carers will pick up these signs, we should not be relying on observations alone. We are working with stakeholders to co-design the robot interaction and data collection for the machine learning methods to better support longer and healthier independent living.
Professor Lynne Baillie,Lead for the National Robotarium on Human-Robot Interaction, Assistive Living and Health.

The impact of having a UTI can be far more serious than a lot of people may realise. Commonly, my speech becomes affected which can make it difficult to communicate with people like I normally would. More seriously, I’ve been hospitalised in the past after the late diagnosis of a UTI led to me having a seizure and I required mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Being able to spot the early indicators that I have a UTI would save any anxiety I might feel when I know there is a problem and help reduce the number of different antibiotics I need to take.
Kitty Walker,A care receiver and regular guest at Leuchie House.

Understanding how socially assistive AI can be used to better detect UTIs has the potential to improve the health & wellbeing of our customers. Early UTI detection could prevent hospital admissions, associated decline and ensure people can continue to live independently for longer.
Colin Foskett,Head of Innovation & Research at Blackwood Homes and Care.

The personal, health and financial cost of urinary infections are massive, costing the NHS at least £500M last year, devastating people’s lives and adding great complexity to the provision of increasingly complex adult care. “Leuchie House is uniquely placed as a national centre with unrivalled access to guests who trust us to manage the sharing of their health data and experience.
Mark Bevan,CEO at Leuchie House.